Hydrocephalus (Water on the brain)

Hydrocephalus is a buildup of fluid inside the skull, leading to brain swelling. Hydrocephalus means "water on the brain."


For further information, please click on this link: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002538

Reasons for children and adolescents to become obese

By World Health Organization

Reasons for children and adolescents to become obese

PAHO/WHO - Sonia Mey

The fundamental cause of childhood overweight and obesity is an energy imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended.

Global increases in childhood overweight and obesity are attributable to a number of factors including:

• A global shift in diet towards increased intake of energy-dense foods that are high in fat and sugars but low in vitamins, minerals and other healthy micronutrients;
• A trend towards decreased physical activity levels due to the increasingly sedentary nature of many forms of recreation time, changing modes of transportation, and increasing urbanization.

Societal reasons for the childhood obesity epidemic

WHO recognizes that the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity results from changes in society. Childhood obesity is mainly associated with unhealthy eating and low levels of physical activity, but the problem is linked not only to children's behaviour but also, increasingly, to social and economic development and policies in the areas of agriculture, transport, urban planning, the environment, food processing, distribution and marketing, as well as education.

The problem is societal and therefore it demands a population-based multisectoral, multi-disciplinary, and culturally relevant approach.

Unlike most adults, children and adolescents cannot choose the environment in which they live or the food they eat. They also have a limited ability to understand the long-term consequences of their behaviour. They therefore require special attention when fighting the obesity epidemic.

Child abuse--A media guide (Telling their Stories: Child Rights, Exploitation and the Media)

http://www.unicef.org/malaysia/Telling_their_stories.pdf
(Clink the link for further reading the book)

The way media portray children impacts not only on society’s attitude to children; it also influences the way adults behave towards children.

Sensational coverage of child abuse does not tell the full story. Instead it adds to the indignity of children who have been abused. However, it is possible for reporters to depict children in a way that maintains their dignity, and avoids exploitation and victimisation.

Telling their Stories: Child Rights, Exploitation and the Media by the International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) is a guide for the media to contribute to improving the situation for children. 

Amongst others, the Guide contains a commentary on the human rights of children and tips on how reporters can protect them. It is designed for reporters and other media professionals working in any area where children are visible and vulnerable. The guidelines avoid the trap of telling reporters what to write, but help them decide how to address these issues. It also provides ideas and suggestions on storylines for topical issues.

Recognizing Child Abuse and Neglect: Signs and Symptoms

Recognizing Child Abuse and Neglect: Signs and Symptoms

child abuse cases in malaysia from 2001 to 2007

http://www.wccpenang.org/files/docs/child-abuse-cases-in-malaysia.pdf

Overview of Child Development

SYPNOSIS:

• This unit introduces the impact of genetic and environmental factors on child development.
• It covers the growing body of knowledge about how children learn language and continually sharpen their cognitive skills, and the way children develop skills through interaction with peers

OBJECTIVES:

• To develop an understanding of the dynamic nature of child psychology
• To explore the effects of family arrangements on children’s development
• To identify and evaluate the genetic and environmental factors in children’s learning

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

• At the end of this course, students should be able to :
  1. Conduct mini research base on understanding of the dynamic nature of child psychology
  2. Differentiate the effects of family arrangements on children’s development
  3. Identify the genetic and environmental factors in children’s learning